Dataproc Versioning

Dataproc uses images to tie together useful Google Cloud Platform connectors and Apache Spark & Apache Hadoop components into one package that can be deployed on a Dataproc cluster. These images contain the base operating system (Debian or Ubuntu) for the cluster, along with core and optional components needed to run jobs, such as Spark, Hadoop, and Hive. These images are periodically upgraded to include new improvements and features. Dataproc versioning allows you to select sets of software versions when you create clusters.

How versioning works

When an image is created, it is given an Image Version number in the following format:

version_major.version_minor.version_sub_minor-os_distribution

The following OS distributions are currently maintained:

OS Distribution Code	OS Distribution
debian12	Debian 12
debian10	Debian 10
debian11	Debian 11
rocky8	Rocky Linux 8
rocky9	Rocky Linux 9
ubuntu18	Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
ubuntu20	Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
ubuntu22	Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

See old image versions for previously supported OS distributions.

The recommended practice is to specify the major.minor image version for production environments or when compatibility with specific component versions is important. The subminor and OS distributions are automatically set to the latest weekly release.

Selecting versions

When you create a new Dataproc cluster, the latest available Debian image version are used by default. You can select a Debian, Rocky Linux or Ubuntu image version when creating a cluster (see the Dataproc Image version List). When specifying Debian-based images, you can omit the OS Distribution Code suffix, for example by specifying 2.0 to select the 2.0-debian10 image. The OS suffix must be used to select a Rocky Linux or Ubuntu-based image, for example by specifying 2.0-ubuntu18.

gcloud Command

When using the gcloud dataproc clusters create command, you can use the --image-version argument to specify an image version for the new cluster.

Debian image example:

gcloud dataproc clusters create cluster-name \
    --image-version=2.0 \
    --region=region

Ubuntu image example:

gcloud dataproc clusters create cluster-name \
    --image-version=2.0-ubuntu18 \
    --region=region

Best practice is to omit the subminor version so that the latest subminor version is used. However, if necessary, the subminor version can be specified, for example, "2.0.20".

You can check your current version with the Google Cloud CLI.

gcloud dataproc clusters describe cluster-name \
    --region=region

REST API

You can specify the SoftwareConfig imageVersion field as part of a cluster.create API request.

Example

POST /v1/projects/project-id/regions/us-central1/clusters/
{
  "projectId": "project-id",
  "clusterName": "example-cluster",
  "config": {
    "configBucket": "",
    "gceClusterConfig": {
      "subnetworkUri": "default",
      "zoneUri": "us-central1-b"
    },
    "masterConfig": {
      ...
      }
    },
    "workerConfig": {
      ...
      }
    },
    "softwareConfig": {
      "imageVersion": "2.0"
    }
  }
}

Console

Open the Dataproc Create a cluster page. The Set up cluster panel is selected. The Image Type and Version field in the Versioning section shows the image that will be used when creating the cluster. The image release date is also shown. Initially, the default image, the latest available Debian version, is shown as selected. Click CHANGE to display a lists of available images. You can select a standard or custom image to use for your cluster.

When new versions are created

New major versions are periodically created to incorporate one or more of the following:

Major releases for:
- Spark, Hadoop, and other Big Data components
- Google Cloud connectors
Major changes or updates to Dataproc functionality

New preview versions (with a -RC suffix) are released prior to the release of a new major version:

Preview images are not intended for use in production workloads.
Preview image component versions might be upgraded to the latest available component version in the post-preview GA image version.

New minor versions are periodically created to incorporate one or more of the following:

Minor releases and updates for:
- Spark, Hadoop, and other Big Data components
- Google Cloud connectors
Minor changes or updates to Dataproc functionality

When a new minor version is created, its Debian image becomes the default for the major version, and represents the latest release of the major version.

New subminor versions are periodically created to incorporate one or more of the following:

Patches or fixes for a component in the image
Component subminor version upgrades

Image Version and Dataproc support

Minor image versions are supported for 24 months after initial GA (General Availability) release. During this period, clusters using these image versions are eligible for support (to receive fixes, recreate your cluster using the latest supported subminor image version). After the support window has closed, clusters using the image versions are not eligible for support.

Old Image Versions

Previously supported OS distributions

The following OS distributions were previously supported:

OS Distribution Code	OS Distribution	Last Patched (End of support)
debian9	Debian 9	July 10, 2020
deb8	Debian 8	October 26, 2018

Image Versions without explicit OS distribution

Prior to August 16, 2018, image versions were built with Debian 8, and omitted the OS Distribution Code. They are specified in the following format:

version_major.version_minor.version_sub_minor

0.1 and 0.2

Image versions released as alpha or beta releases prior to Dataproc version 1.0 general availability are not subject to the Dataproc support policy.

Important notes about versioning

Image versions contain the following components:
- Core components that are installed on all clusters, such as Spark, Hadoop, and Hive
- Optional components that you specify when you create a cluster
Your Dataproc clusters are not automatically updated when new image versions are released.
- Recommendations:
- Run clusters with the latest subminor image version. Image metadata includes a previous-subminor label, which is set to true if the cluster is not using the latest subminor image version.
  - To view image metadata:
    1. Run the following gcloud compute images list --filter command to list the resource name of a Dataproc image.
      gcloud compute images list --project=PROJECT_NAME --filter="labels.goog-dataproc-version ~ ^IMAGE_VERSION (such as 2.2.16-debian12)"
    2. Run the following gcloud compute images describe to view image metadata.
      gcloud compute images describe --project=PROJECT_NAME IMAGE_NAME"
- Test and validate that your applications run successfully on clusters created with new image versions, particularly when using new major image version releases.